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The general background of the story is as follows:ĭuring a lull in the Roman siege of Ardea (509 BC), young Prince Tarquin and some noble friends rode home in secret to spy into the behaviour of their wives. The third text which depicted Lucrece’s fate was Thomas Heywood’s play The Rape of Lucrece from 1608, written and performed under the reign of King James I. In the time of Queen Elizabeth I, Shakespeare and his fellow author Thomas Middleton wrote and published two poems individually, Lucrece in 1594 and The Ghost of Lucrece in 1600. He was the first of three authors to develop a literary text out of this founding myth of the Roman republic between 15. The famous playwright and poet William Shakespeare took the rape of Philomele, a topic which he used for both Titus Andronicus and Lucrece, from the Metamorphosis and the myth of the rape of Lucrece from the Fasti for his poem of the same name. In England, one of the most used authors was Ovid, in whose oeuvre, for example in the Metamorphoses and the Fasti, the theme of rape is included. During the Renaissance period most of the contemporary authors turned to ancient Greek and Roman sources for literary themes, topics and motives. The term ‘renaissance’ usually means a rebirth of and a renewed interest in Antiquity, that is in antique texts and ideas, legends or myths. Authors of all ages have written either about violation itself or included it as a literary device in their texts to convey certain ideas. These more general thoughts can be applied to rape in reality, but also to rape as a theme in literature. Although normally most people imagine a woman as the sufferer and a man as the perpetrator, gender boundaries are blurred and it is dependent on social conventions how people involved in rape are treated by their surroundings. The term and also the inherent concept behind it, implies a lot about the intrinsic balance of power between the victim and the rapist. Rape is one of the most hideous crimes humanity can think of. At first rape and Renaissance literature do not seem to be very closely connected but they can be linked quite easily as Barbara Baines explains: “For an inquiry into the history and thus the ideology of rape, the Renaissance is an ideal period because it both re-presents medieval and classical assumptions and lays the foundation for what we recognize as our own modern concerns.” The topic of the present study is “The Theme of Rape in Elizabethan and Jacobean Literary Texts”, that is –to name it with a more general term- in two parts of the English Renaissance period. Conclusion: comparative analysis of the three Renaissance textsĪ. The rape as a reason for heroic deeds andį. Lucrece’s complaint and her heroic suicideĮ. The dialogue leading up to the actual rape
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Tarquin: a lecherous prince in an infected stateĬ. Lucrece’s chastity: a virtue also imposed on the householdī. The dedication, the Latin text, the prologue and the epilogue Tarquin the ghost: raping Lucrece a second time?Į. Lucrece’s raging complaint and the re-enactment of her suicide Lucrece: from chaste wife to lustful whore Thomas Middleton’s The Ghost of LucreceĪ. Tarquin’s banishment: the “Argument” and the Reactions of her husband, father and friendsĮ. Lucrece’s different stages in her complaint Lucrece’s chastity: a virtue to be conqueredĭ. Structure of the text, context, reception historyĪ. Different adaptations of the “rape of Lucrece”ġ. An unconscious Lucrece: Gower’s Confessio AmantisĮ. Lucrece as a self-murderer: St Augustine’s De Civitate Dei ContraĢ. The reception of the ancient myth of Lucrece inġ. Roman myth for Greek readers: Dionysius Halicarnassos’ The importance of the Roman calendar: Ovid’s Fastiģ. Political focus: Livy’s Ab Urbe ConditaĢ. Literary forerunners: the “rape of Lucrece” in Antiquity and the Middle Agesġ. Medieval and Renaissance attitudes: rape as a theft of propertyĭ. Beliefs about rape in Antiquity: connection with honour The notion of rape in antique, medieval and Renaissance times Definition of ‘rape’: narrowing of the term?Ĭ. Aim of the present study and its position in current researchī.